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Kohler Illumination in Light Microscopy

Köhler illumination is a method of specimen illumination used for transmitted and reflected light (trans- and epi-illuminated) optical microscopy. Köhler illumination acts to generate an extremely even illumination of the sample and ensures that an image of the illumination source (for example a halogen lamp filament) is not visible in the resulting image. Köhler illumination is the predominant technique for sample illumination in modern scientific light microscopy although it requires additional optics which less expensive and simpler light microscopes may not have.

The primary advantage of Köhler illumination is the extremely even illumination of the sample. This reduces image artifacts and provides high sample contrast. Even illumination of the sample is also critical for advanced illumination techniques such as phase contrast and differential interference contrast microscopy.

By adjustment of the field diaphragm the amount of light entering the sample can be freely adjusted without altering the wavelengths of light present, in contrast to reducing power to the light source with critical illumination. Adjusting the condenser diaphragm alters sample contrast. Furthermore altering the size of the condenser diaphragm allows adjustment of sample depth of field by altering the effective numerical aperture of the microscope. The role of the condenser diaphragm is analogous to the aperture in photography although the condenser diaphragm of a microscope functions by controlling illumination of the specimen, while the aperture of a camera functions by controlling illumination of the detector.

Check out the Köhler illumination setup instructions at this link: http://microscopy.berkeley.edu/courses/TLM/condenser/kohler.html

(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License)

Tigtigan Terakan Keng Dalan 2012

According to the latest advisory from the office of the city mayor and the chairman of the Tigtigan Terakan Keng Dalan (TTKD) executive committee, the upcoming event was not cancelled and will be pushing on rain or shine.

TTKD More Fun in the Philippines

The TTKD which directly translates to "dancing and merry making in the streets, is Central Luzon’s biggest annual beer, food, music and street party that celebrates Angeles City’s triumph over the Mt. Pinatubo tragedy. The party will start tomorrow, October 26, 2012 at around 6 o'clock in the afternoon until around 4 am of the next day. Then the fun will continue again in the afternoon 'til morning.

This event marks the closure of the three kilometer portion of the Mac Arthur Highway (Mon Tang Avenue) in Balibago, Angeles City, Philippines. Barangay Balibago is the prime entertainment center of the city.

As of this writing, the organizers, sponsors, and all the establishments are in the thick of preparation even in the midst of heavy rain and traffic jam.

Since TTKD is one of the much anticipated events in Angeles City, the venue really gets crowded. There are a lot of food stalls and restaurants inside the event area but most of the time their spaces gets filled up immediately.

While the festivity is not exactly a beer fest, the place will surely be loaded with bottomless beer for sale. As a result, there are some unavoidable circumstances that might lead to troubles. Just always keep in mind that you are going there to find fun and not trouble. Always stay away from those who are out of their mind. There is a section in the middle part of the event area where people can dance but usually trouble starts there most of the time. There are PNP personnel patrolling at the event so you’ll feel safe.

All you need is a little budget to have fun. The entrance ticket price is about a hundred pesos. Spend few for some drinks and enjoy hanging out while watching live performances from different bands. If you are not on a tight budget you can go bar hopping and food tripping.

Happenings:

Source: http://www.facebook.com/TigtiganTerakanKengDalan

October 26, 2012: 

San Miguel Brewery Zone (Near Sumpan Gate)

• Drum Beaters and Fire Dancers
• Zumba
• Dance Showdown
• Manila Band
• Gary and the Saint
• Rocks Teddy
• General Luna Band
• Manila Band

Ginebra San Miguel Zone (Near Puregold Gate) 6:00pm onwards

• Magnolia Sayaw Barangay
• Comedian Host
• GSM Dancers
• Band 1 (1st Set)
• Fire Dancers
• Games
• Band 2 (1st Set)
• GSM Dancers
• Games
• Primetime Show (Comedy)
• Firedancers
• Band 1 (2nd Set)
• GSM Dancers
• Band 2 (2nd set)

Globe Telecoms, SMART Communications and Sun Cellular have their own zones and they will offer various fun activities, games and promos in their respective zones.


October 27, 2012

San Miguel Brewer Zone (Near Sumpan Gate)

• Drum beaters and Fire Dancers
• Beer Drinking Contest Finals
• Bikini Open
• Black Light Party
• Comedians
• Powerpuff Corn
• Sponge Cola
• Franco
• Local Band
• Manila Band

Ginebra San Miguel Zone (Near Puregold Gate) Starting at 6:00pm

• Comedy hosts
• GSM Dancers
• Band 1 (1st Set)
• Fire Dancers
• Games
• Band 2 (1st Set)
• GSM Dancers
• Games
• Ms. IWA MOTO
• Itchyworms
• Fire Dancers
• Band 1 (2nd Set)
• GSM Dancers
• Band 2 (2nd Set)

Globe Telecoms, SMART Communications and Sun Cellular have their own zones and they will offer various fun activities, games and promos in their respective zones.

Photo credits: http://www.facebook.com/TigtiganTerakanKengDalan